The psychology of everyday things

[Admin]

36. Norman DA., 1988,The psychology of everyday things, US, BasicBooks.
a. Most things in the world have a sensible structure, which tremendously simplies the memory task. Sweepings make sense, they correspond to knowledge that eve air so the new material can be understood, interprereted, and integrated with previously acquired material.
b. The difficulty of dealing with novel situations is directly related to the number of possibilities. The user looks at the situation and tries to discover which parts can be operated and what operations can be done.
c. Physical constraints are made more effective and useful if they are easy to see and interprets. For then the set of actions is restricted before anything has been done.
d. Semantic constraints rely upon our knowledge of the situation and of the world. Such Knowledge can be a powerful and important clue.
e. Semantic constraints rely upon the meaning of the situation to control the set of possible actions.
f. One cultural convention is that signs are meant to be read; for the motorcycle, the pieces with the word police on them have to be placed right side, upside.